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lis 

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ne 

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empreinte. 

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dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
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symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

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fllmte  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  ciichA,  11  est  filmA  d  partir 
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et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


ata 


ilure. 


2X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

HHtBMiHMMiiMMWHMKiM 


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»if.ns'h»frfmimii^it,ii: 


^f^' '' 


I 


AYSIDE 


REES 


SERIES  L    BEING  A  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  MAGNO- 

'LIAS,  TULIP-TREE,  BASSWOOD,  ELMS, 

CHERRIES.  BIRCHES,  ETC.j*  j»  >  j«  j»  j« 


/ 
BY  F.  SCHUYLER  MATHEWS  .*  >  j» 

ILLUSTRATED  WITH  PEN  AND  INK 

DRAWINGS  FROM  NATURE  BY  THE 

AUTHOR   j»^rf»4»^J»J»J»^J»J* 


i  ' 


'I 


1  i 


TABER- PRANG  ART  CP 
SPRINGfl  ELD,  MASS. 


] 


>i^i».«^H«*0.!'<W';-**^p»^'f*T'**'**?'^rr*''^'" 


TWO  COPIBS  HBCBlVBi'. 

Library  of  Coagrot% 
Officii  of  tbtt 

,fA>'2-1900 

RegltUr  of  Copyrlghtai 


A^ 


V 


51434 


COPYRIOHT  IWif^rTARtR-Pl^AHoAPTfc  SpR1N6F1Eu3  MASS. 


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INTRODUCTION 


WAYSIDE  TREES.  SERIES  I. 


!  S 


^• 


y 


t 


,• 


{UR  common  trees  may  be  easily  distin- 
guished apart  by  the  character  o(  their 
leaves.  Each  species  shows  a  decided! 
individual  character  in  its  leaf.  The 
red  elm,  for  instance,  is  altogether  different  from  its 
relative,  the  common  elm,  and  its  leaf  shows  that  dif- 
ference best ;  it  is  as  rough  ^as  a  file,  but  the  leaf  of 
the  common  elm,  although  somewhat  rough,  is  not 
excessively  so,  like  that  of  the  red  elm. 

Beginning  with  the  simplest  kind  of  a  leaf,  we  begin 
with  a  simple  kind  of  a  tree  ;  the  magnolia  is  that  to 
perfection.  Its  form  is  plain  and  severe,  and  its  leaf 
is  the  same,  without  teeth,  and  a  perfect  pointed 
ellipse.  But  there  are  a  few  trees  which  are  a  litde 
inclined  to  fickleness.  The  young  sassafras  is  one  of 
that  kind,  and  nobody  knows  which  of  iu  three  forms 
it  seems  to  favor  most.  It  is  not  until  the  tree  settles 
into  maturity  that  it  adopts  the  simplest  form  of  a 
leaf. 

So  it  is  best  to  remember  that  rules  are  all  very 
useful  in  their  way,  but  nature  breaks  any  one  of  them 
when  it  suits  her  convenience  and  leaves  us  to  adjust 
ma  ters  as  well  as  we  can. 

But  my  principle  of  arranging  the  trees  in  the  order 
suggested  by  the  progressive  leaf  types  from  a  simple 
to  a  complex  nature,  is  a  fairly  good  guide  for  anyone, 


student  or  amateur.  All  leaves,  outside  of  the  ever- 
green (the  Pine  family)  ones,  are  either  simple  or 
compound.  The  elm  represents  the  first  class,  and 
the  ailanthus  the  second. 

In  principle,  therefore,  we  can  divide  this  first  series 
of  trees  into  the  following  order :  — 

Leaves,  Simple : 

f  Alternate  growing 


page* 


Class 


I  j  Without  teedi 
(  Undivided  edge 

Alternate  growing 
Without  teeth 
Divided  edge    . 

t  Alternate  growing 
3  J  With  teeth 
(  Undivided  edge 


3>5 


/Alt* 

'  a  ]  Wit 

(Div 


•     •     9-»S 

But  in  class  3  the  mulberry  occasionally  shows  a 
divided  leaf,  and  the  cut-leaf  (foreign)  birch,  gray 
birch,  red  birch  and  paper  birch  show  a  more  or  lets 
uneven-edged  leaf  which  might  be  properly  called 
divided.  These  examples,  however,  do  nof  properly 
represent  the  prevailing  leaf  character  of  the  tree 
families  to  which  they  belong.  Class  3  is  continued 
in  the  second  series. 

F.  Schuyler  Mai-hews. 


'D 


■  1^' 


11 


MMM 


IIWliM/ 


Series  1. 


} 


Small  Magnolia,  Swaet  Bay 


CucHmbtr  Traa. 

fia  acHminila. 


tmmmm 


^ 


« 


^y-"^"/ 


L  Cucumber  TrM. 

'agnetia  acuminiUt. 


Family 
Lai    . 

Flower 


Height 
Habitat 


Small  Macnolia.  Sweet  Bay. 

Mapiblia  glaiica. 

.   .    MAGNOLIACEiE,  Magnolia. 

.  ,  Dark  shiny  green  above,  thick,  yellow 
ribs,  whitish  beneath. 

.  .  Waxy  white,  globular,  about  2  ins. 
wide  i  very  fragrant  i  bloom,  July- 
August. 

.   .    6  ft.  to  15  ft.»  in  the  south  50  ft. 

.  .  Gloucester,  Mass.,  Iwamps  of  N.  J., 
south  to  Fla. 


FamSy 
Uaf    . 

Flower 

Fruit    . 


Height 


Habitat 


Cucumber  Tree. 

MagHoHa  acuminiita. 

.    MAGNOLIACE^,  Magnolia. 
.    Somewhat   thin,   deep   green;  light 

green,  slightly  downy  beneath. 
.   Tulip-shaped,  greenish,  yellow-white, 

3  ins.  wide,  fragrant. 
.    Before  ripening,  like  a  small  green 

cucumber}  seeds  orange,  and  hang 

by  a  white  filament. 
.    20  ft.  to  40  ft.,  in  the  south  50  ft. 

to  90  ft. 
.  .Western  N.  Y.,  to  Ark.,  southward 

to  southern  Ala. 


Umbrella  Tree. 

MagniHa  Umbrella,  Magnolia  tripitala'. 

FamUy    .    .    MAGNOLIACEiE,  Magnolia. 
Leal    .    .    .    About  18  ins.  long,  radiating  from  the 

branchlet  tips,  deep  green,  light 

green  beneath. 
Flower     .    •    Dull  cream-colored,about  7  ins.  wide, 

strop X,  odor;  bloom,  May-June. 
Height     .    .    30  ft.  U>  .jr<  ft. 
Habitat   .    .    N.  Y.,  80  .th,  along  the  Alleghany 

Mts.,  to  central  Ala.,  westward  to 

southwestern  Ark. 


(3> 


1  % 


iijaf-"".^'  •      -'5|. 


,*"f- 


Series  1 


ill 


■  irif  iin   ijyjl    lifilluli 


lM«i«rtMN«iMMi«iMMi« 


il  I    f-    -•'        --•-^•■''    ^     -''i  '^"^^   "T  - 


I 


mm 


ftmStf 


IMt 


Hdiht 
Habitat 


Family 
Leal    . 

Fruit    . 


Bark   . 
Height 

Habitat 


1up«lo.  Sour  aum. 

N^ssa  lylvdHea. 

CORNACEiE,  Dogwood. 

Shining  green,  lighter  beneath,  2  in*, 
to  5  n.  long. 

Bluish  black,  about  ^i  in.  long,  gen- 
erally in  clutters  of  twos  and 
threes. 

Rough,  grayish  brown  or  grayi 
branches  horizontal. 

25  ft.  to  35  ft.,  sometinntes  45  ft. 

N.  Y.,  south  to  FU.  and  Tex.,  west 
to  Mich.,  and  rarely  in  Vt.  and 
southern  Me.  ' 


Persimmon. 

Diosp^ros  yirpniiHa. 

£BENAC&£,  Ebony. 

Thickish,    sntooth,   moderate    daric 

green. 
I  in.  in  diam.,  astringent  when  green, 

dull  golden  yellow  when  ripe,  date- 
.    like  flavor  after  ftost. 
Dark,  ruddy  brown. 
20  ft.  to  50  ft.,  rarely  in  southern 

ft>rests  100  ft. 
Southern  Conn.,  N.Y.,  south  to  Fh. 

and  La.,  west  to  Iowa. 


Faailjr 


Flower 
Fndt    . 

Height 
Habitat 


Family 
Leal  . 
FVjwer 


Dark  . 
Height 
Habitat 


'5) 


Papaw.  CutUrd  Applo. 
Asimina  triloha. 

.    ANONACE^,  Custard  apple. 

.  Thin,  moderate  green,  6  ins.  to  12 
ins.  long. 

.    Dull  purplish  red,  triple-formed. 

.  3  ins.  to  6  ins.  long,  brown  and  wrin- 
kled when  ripe,  yellow  pulp. 

.    12  ft.  to  35  ft. 

.  N.  v.,  southward,  and  westward  to 
southern  Mich,  and  Tex. 


Rod  Bud,  Judas  Troe. 

Cireit  CatuuUntis, 

LEGUMINOSA,  Pulse. 
Heart-shaped,  moderate  green. 
Small,  in  clusters  along    branches, 

before  the  leaves,  magenu-crimson, 

acid  taste. 
Rough,  dull  gray-brown. 
25  ft.  to  40  ft.,  sometimes  50  ft. 
N.  Y.,  south  to  Fla.,  and  southwest 

to  AU.  and  Mo.,  west  to  southern 

Minn.,   Oklahoma,  and    eastern 

Texas. 


■OWMilMI 


-  .)-^y~^  JH^'J*^^**^*?^ 


'■'f-i   "r 


■nr 


,        Si'l-t-rlKi 


I 


I 


SasMtru. 

Sisia/ras  t^iiiile,  Sdst^ras  Sitta/ras. 


I  II    I II mmmm 


iMtru. 

r,  Sissl^ras  Sittqfrat. 


LMf    . 
Floww 


Htisht 


Habitat 


Tulip  TrM. 

Liriodindron  htliptftra. 

MAGNOLIACEiE,  Magnoli*. 

Very  imooth,  four  Itteral  lobet, 
moderate  ereen. 

Somewhat  tulip-Bhaped,  green-yellow 
marked  with  orange;  bloom,  May- 
June. 

SO  ft.  to  100  ft.,  aometimet  160  ft. 
to  190  ft.,  one  of  our  ullett  trees. 

Southern  New  Eng.,  to  Mich,  and 
Wit.,  southward  to  northern  FU., 
southern  Ab.  and  Miss.,  south- 
eastern Mo.  and  Ark. 


Sassafras. 

Sdsttifrtu  tfficiniit,  Sissa/ras  Sissa/ras. 

FamOr    .   •    LAURACE^,  Laurel. 

.    Finally  smooth,  deep-,  3  forms,  ovate, 

mitten-shaped,  and  3  lobed. 
.    Bluish,  oval,    smalU    club-shaped, 

ruddy  stem. 
.    1 5  ft.  to  4.5  ft.,  sometimes  90  ft. 
.    Eastern  Mass.  to  Mich.,  Iowa  and 
Kan.,  and  south  to  the  Gulf,  cen- 
tral Fla.  and  Texas. 
Character:   Fruit,    leaf,   bark,  and  especially 
the  root,  aromatic. 


FMit  . 

Haigiit 
Habitat 


f7) 


■I 


mmmmmmmimtimuim 


xfttH^ 


m 


Series  1 


'  i  i 


iill 

it 
ii 

i 


i 


'■1/ 


if) 


IT!  5" 


SmalMeaved  Basswood. 


■MWMMaNWiMNHtM 


American  Linden,  Basswood. 

TUia  AmeritAna. 

Famify    .   .    TILIAC££,  Linden. 

Leaf   ,    ,   .    S()inewhatoblique,3ins.to8u».Iong, 

rufts  of  rusty  haira  on  ribs  beneath. 
Fniit  .   .   .    Elongated  pea  shape,  brown,  ripe  in 

October,  bract  tapering  at  base. 
Bvk   .   .   .    Rough,  brown. 
Height    .   .    40  ft.  to  60  ft.,  sometimes  130  ft. 
Habitat    .   .    Northern  States,  south  to  Ala.,  west 

to  Oklahoma,  and  eastern  Tex. 


Small-lMved  Basswood. 

TUia  puMsctns. 

Family    .   .   TILIACE^,  Linden. 

Leaf   .   .   .    Smaller  than  7*.  Americanm^  2  ins.  to 

3  ins.  long,  thin,  wooly  beneath, 

moderate  neen. 
FVnit  .   .   .    Round,  smal^  bract  usually  rounded 

at  base. 
Baik  .   .   .    Rough,  not  deeply  seamed,  reddish 

brown. 
Heiglit    .    .    30  ft.  to  40  ft. 
Habitat   .   .    Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  coast  of  North 

and  South  Carolina  and  Ga.,  south 

to  F!a.,  and  westward  to  Texas. 


■leaved  Basswood. 

TUia  pubiscens. 


<9\ 


4 
■  % 


Series  1. 


ii]^^ 


ilF 


AaMrican  Holly. 


Btaek  AM«r. 
hit  wrlUiMUa. 


f 


•1^ 


^^ 


FtaaXtf 
Leal    . 
Fniit 
Buk    . 
Hd^t 
Habitat 


American  Holly. 

Ilex  efifa, 

ILICINE^,  Holly. 

Spiny,  evergreen,  dark  olive-green. 

Scariet,  in  fmall  clutters. 

Dark,  dull  brown,  rough. 

15  ft.  to  50  ft. 

South  of  42'  lat.,  Quincy,  Mass.,  to 

N.J.,  south  to  Fla.,  from  southern 

Ind.  to  the  Gulf. 


Mountain  llax. 

Ilex  MOniU«la, 

Family    .       ILICINE^,  Holly. 

Lnf    .   .   ;    Deciduous,  light  ^reen,  large,  thin, 
long  stemmed. 

Fndt  .   .   .    Large,  scarlet-red,  short  stem. 

B«k  .   .   .    Light  gray-brown. 

Hd^t    .   .    15  ft.  to  30  ft.,  sometimes  40  ft. 

HaUtat   .   .    CatskillMts.,  Cattaraugus  Co.,  N.Y., 
the    mts.  of  Penn.,   to    North- 
ampton Co.,  Pa.,  south  along  the 
mts.,  to  northern  Ala. 
Character:  Attains  tree^sixe  only  in  mountain 
slopes  of  North  and  South  Car. 


Black  AMar. 

hex  verHtiUita. 

Famiir    .  .   ILICINE^  HoUy. 

Leaf   .   .   .    Deciduous,  lig^t  green,  thin. 

Fnrit  .   .   .    Brilliant  sokriet,  persistent  after  leaves 

have  Allen. 
Back  .   .   .    Liclit  gray-hufff  flometimes  daricer. 
Heiilit    .   .    6  R.  to  9  ft.,  rarely  10  ft. 
Habitat  .   .    Common,  Me.,  to  Minn.,  and  south- 
ward. 
Character:  Exclusively  a  shrub,  but  introduced 
here  chiefly  for  comparison  with  the  other 
Bixis.    Very  beautiful. 


(11) 


Black  AMer. 


mmmm 


mm 


■«V«iMpMNipMM»mM«>« 


Series 


in 


Canada  Plum. 

Pritnut  AmtrititHa,  PruHus  nigra. 


Red  Cherry,  Bird  Charry. 

Pritnus  PeniiMxIvinUa. 


witmm 


rttiiiiiiaififciiiiii 


1 


If 


Canada  Plum. 

Primus  Amtricina,  Prunus  nigra. 

Funtty    .   .    ROSACEiC,  Rose. 

Leaf   .    .    .    Smooth,  coarsely  veined,  dull  green. 

Fruit  .    .    .    Translucent  orange-red,  yi  in.  to  i 

in.  diam.,  sweet,  tough  skinned. 
Bark    .    .    .    Gray-brown. 
Height     .    .    IS  ft.  to  30  ft. 
Habitat    .    .    Northern  New  England  and  N.  Y., 

to  Minn.,  Wis.,  and  Iowa. 


Red  Cherry.  Bird  Cherry. 

Primut  Penn^lvimea. 

Family    .   .    ROSACEA,  Row. 

Leaf   .   .   .   fining,  lig^  green,  curved,  drooping, 

smooth. 
Fniit  .    .   .    Translucent  red,  long  stemmed,  in 

groups  of  1  or  3. 
Baric  .   .   .    Red-brown,  shining. 
Hdgjit    .   .    20  ft.  to  40  ft. 
HabhM  .  .    Me.  to  N.C.,  west  to  Minn,  and  Mo. 


'131 


mimmtamimiitlmSlt 


■..4>ii'»v«;r«wsstftA««iUr<.  ^*aa»w»i|WftiW«waH'<woi^»AV^Zi.'*>mi*'*^''XWWM  yimnsfMUKK 


f 


Choke  Cherry. 

PriiHus  Virginiina. 

Fwnily     .    .    ROSACEA,  Rose. 

Le»f    .    .    .    Broad,short,  sometimes  widest  beyond, 
the  center,  deep  green. 

Frdt   .    .    .    Purple-black,  in  currentlilte  depend- 
ing clusters  \  puckery  tasting. 

Height     .    .     1 2  ft.  to  ao  ft. 

Habitat    .    .    Me.  to  Ga.,  west  to  Mmn.,  eastern 
Neb.  and  Texas. 


•   Black  Cherry. 

PriiHtu  serbttna. 

Family     .    .    ROSACEA,  Rose. 

Leaf    .   .    .    Shining,    long,  sharp-pointed,  deep 

green. 
Fnitt   .   .   .    Purple-black,  broad,  sweet,  prussic- 

acid  flavored. 
Bark    .    .    •    Rough,  horizontal  markings,  reddish 

and  gray  brown,  inner  bark  flavored 

prussic  acid. 
Height    .    .    SO  ft.  to  100  ft. 
Habitat    .    .    Me.  to  Fla.,  west  to  Minn.,  eastern 

Neb.  and  eastern  Texas. 


■-«*-» 


(tS) 


'^^ 


Red  Blm.  Slippery  Elm. 

0/mut  filva. 

AaBr    .   .    URTICACE*,  Nettle. 

Lntf  .  .  .  Extremely  rough,  dark  olive  green, 
coarsely  veined. 

Buk  .   .   .    Daric  brown,  lomewfaat  ruddy. 

Height    .   .    40  ft.  to  60  ft.,  sometimes  70  ft. 

Habitat  .  .  New  England  to  the  Dakotas,  east- 
ern Neb.,  south  to  western  Fla., 
central  Ab.  and  Miu.,  and  valley 
of  the  San  Antonio  River,  Texas. 
Chaiacter:  Inner  bark  mucibginous  and  aro- 
matic. 


American  Bim,  White  Eim. 

Ulmus  Americiina. 


lean  Elm.  White  Eim. 

Uimus  Amtric&na, 


Family 
Leaf    . 

Bark  . 
Heia^t 
HabiUt 


URTICACE^,  Nettle. 

Quite  rough,  prominently  veined, 
dark  green. 

Brown-gray,  deep  fissured. 

70  ft.  to  80  ft.,  sometimes  120  ft. 

New  England  to  the  Dakotas,  west- 
ern Neb.,  western  Kan.,  Oklahoma 
and  Texas,  south  to  Pease  Creek, 
Fla. 


"7' 


Wt0''^ 


mm 


■AM^aMMMMHM^itMmlMlii 


Corky  White  Elm. 

Ulmus  ractmisa. 


,  Sttcarberry. 

CHlis  oceiJentafit, 


mmmmm 


w 


I  i.wminKji^. 


skbcrry,  Susarberry. 

CV/Ai  occiilenlalit. 


Corky  White  Elm. 

Vlmus  racembsa. 

Family    .   .    URTICACE/E,  Nettle. 

LmI    .    .    .    Dark  green,  lighter  beneath,  veins 
wooly  and  prominent. 

Bark   .    .    .    Brown-gray,  ruddy  tinged. 

Height    .    .    60  ft.  to  80  ft.,  occasionally  100  ft. 

Habiui  .  .  Northwestern  N.  H.,  southern  Vt., 
west  through  northern  N.  Y., 
southern  Mich.,  to  northeastern 
Neb.,  southeastern  Mo.,  and  mid- 
dle Tenn. 
Character :  Branchlets  with  corky  ridges. 


Hackberry,  Sugarberry. 

Ce/tis  occiiientiUis. 


Family 
Leaf    . 
Fruit   . 
Baric    . 
Height 

HabiUt 


URTICACE/E,  Nettle. 

Oblique,  thin,  moderate  grren. 

Small  mahogany-red  berry. 

Light  brown,  sometimes  grayish. 

20  ft.  to  45  ft.,  south  sometimes 
130  ft. 

Mass.  to  northwestern  Neb.,  north 
Dak.,  southern  Idaho,  Washington 
and  Oregon,  south  to  Fla.,  Mo., 
eastern  Kan.,  Ark.,  Oklahoma  and 
eastern  Texas. 


(19) 


I r     riiiiHiii. 


ffMaajjar  KMJBTiiirtii 


'} 


\ 


Black  Birch.  Sweet  Birch 

liilli.'il   /lilt,!. 


R«d  Mulberry. 

Mbrtu  riiira. 


f  ^~~ 


M  /'/ 


Red  MullMrry. 

Mhms  ritra. 


^ 


Fkmily 
Leaf    . 

rnil    . 

Hark  . 
Height 
lUbhtt 


Red  Mulberry. 

Afbrus  tubia, 

URTICACE/E,  Nettle. 

Moderate  yellow -green,  shining,  type 

variable. 
Dark   black-purple,   long  like  wild 

blackberry,  ripe  in  July. 
Dark  brown,  ruddy  tinged. 
25  ft.  to  70  ft. 
Western   Mass.,!-.   Island,  N.  Y., 

west  to  Neb.,  and  eastern  Kan., 

south  to  Fla.  and  valley  of  the 

Colorado  River,  Texas. 


Black  Birch,  Sweet  Birch. 

Bitula  Unta. 

Family    .   •    CUPULIFERiE.  Oak. 

l.eal    .    .    .    Ovate,  regular,  shining,  deep  green, 

cordate,  i.  e.  scalloped  at  the  base. 
Baric   .   .   .    Dark  red-brown;  on  old  trees  cracked 

and  gray- brown. 
Heigiit    .   .    40  ft.  to  60  ft.,  sometimes  80  ft. 
Habitat   .   .    Me.  to  Del.,  southern  Ind.  and  111., 

Alleghany  Mts.,  to  western  Fla., 

central  Ky.  and  Tenn. 
Character:  Bark  of  the  twigs  is  very  aromatic 
and  sweet  to  the  taste. 


'21) 


L" 


Series  1. 


White  European  Birch. 

iHia  ait  a. 


mm 


fcWIHWI  1 1  1 1  III 


ilMiMilMil 


Ite  European  Birch. 


FamOjr 
Lesf  . 
Bwk    . 

Hdcht 
HabiUt 


Yellow  dirch. 

Siiula  lUtea. 

CUPULIFERiE,  Oak. 

Dull  green,  slightly  downy  beneath. 

Ragged,  thin,  shiny,  yellowish,  silvery  •, 

when  young  slightly  aromatic. 
20  ft.  to  50  ft.,  occasionally  100  ft. 
Northern   Sutes  to  northern  Del., 

Alleghany  Mts.,  and  to  northern 

Minn. 


Cut-lMved  White  European  Birch. 

Bitula  ilia. 

A  European  birch  common  in  parks  and  gar- 
dent}  the  only  birch  tree  of  Europe;  very 
dotely  related  to  Betula  p^puUftlia.  Leaf, 
diu-k  green }  bark  white. 


V 


I 


Qray  Birch. 

Betula  popuUfblia. 

CUPULIFER^,  Oak. 
,    Extremely  shiny,  glittering  and  tremb- 
ling, pointed,  when  young  light, 
wlwn  old  deep  green. 
.    Very  white,  branchlets  tawny  brown 
and  wiry,  triangle  of  dark  brown 
on  trunk  below  branch. 
.    20  ft.  to  30  ft.,  sometimes  40  ft. 
.    Me.  to  northern  N.Y.,  south  to  Del., 
coast  region  of  N.  E.  and  Middle 
Sutes. 
Character:   Triangular  leaftige,  hence  named 
ptptdifiUa  (poplar-leaved),  a  short-lived  tree, 
with  slender  trunk  which  is  often  curved  and 
bent  to  the  ground  in  winter  by  the  •    .ght 
of  ice  and  snow. 


Family 
Leaf 


Bark 


Height 
HaUtat 


(23) 


: 


I 
\ 


■ftmnmin IIIMIIIIMI  i«|«|>itll,illl|i|l<|»|liipiW||piMW>*'>'W»l<W'**JI'l*l***WtllWilJl''^W'*^''l*^ 

Series  1.  ,.?  '^ 


Paper  Birch,  Canoe  Birch,  White  Birch. 

Bfliih  pafyiijera. 


f 


Paper  Birch,  Canoe  Birch,  White  Birch. 

Bihtla  papyri/era. 


I 


,t-v  ff 


Family 
Leaf    . 

Bark    . 

Height 
HabiUt 


slightly 


CUPULIFER^,  Oak. 
Smooth,    light  olive  green, 

hairy  on  veins  beneath. 
Extremely    white,  paperlike  layers, 

horizontal  lines. 
50  ft.  to  70  ft.,  occasionally  120  ft. 
Northern  States  to  northern  Pa.  cen- 
tral Mich,  and    Minn.,  and   the 
extreme  northwest. 
Bttula  papyrifera  var.  miner. 
A  dwarf  form  in  the  Alpine  region  of  the  White 
Mts.  with  smaller,  rounder  leaves. 


Red  Birch,  River  Birch. 

Bitula  nigra. 

Famiir    .   .   CUPULIFER^,  Oak. 

I.ear  .    .    .    Unevenly  toothed,  alderlike,  moder- 
ate green,  downy  beneath. 

Bark  .  .  .  Dark  reddish  brown,  light  red-brown 
shredded  bark  hanging. 

Height    .    .    40  ft.  to  60  ft.,  sometimes  90  ft. 

HabiUt  .  .  Southern  N.  H.,  on  banks  of  Mferri- 
mac  Riv.,  Lon^  Island,  N.  Y.,  and 
south  to  Fla.,  through  country 
immediately  east  of  the  Alleghany 
Mtt„  Bucks  Co.,  P*.,  Gulf  States 
west  to  Tex.,  Mississippi  Val.  to 
central  Minr..  and  southern  Wis. 
and  Ohio. 


\p\ 


(25) 


1 


WWWWaig!>»WlBII«)iBK)BM 


mmm^ 


I 


fi 


A  REVISED  LIST  OF  BOTANICAL  NAMES 

OF  THE  TREES. 


THE  botanical  names  of  trees  have  been  revised 
according  to  certain  laws  now  adopted  by  many 
botanists,  and  a  most  important  revision,  according  to 
the  Check  I.ist  made  by  George  B.  Sudworth,  pre- 
pared under  the  direction  of  Prof.  B.  E.  Fernow,  for 
the  United  States  Department  of  Agricukure,  is  given 
below,  accompanied  by  a  revision  by  Prof.  C.  S.  Sar- 
gent (see  Silva  of  North  America),  and  the  older 


names  according  to  Dr.  Asa  Gray  (see  Manual).  The 
preference  given  in  this  book  to  the  nomenclature  of 
Dr.  Gray,  is  naturally  conservative,  but  consistent 
with  the  fact  that  Dr.  Gray's  Manual  is  its  standard 
of  authority  ;  at  the  ume  time  the  reform  in  the  use 
of  names  is  sure  to  be  established  in  liine,  and  the 
accompanying  list  is  essentially  valuable  to  a  popular 
work  of  this  kind. 


Ailanthui  or  AUantus. 

Alder.  Black. 

Arbor  Vil«,  or  White  Cedar. 

Ash.  DUck. 

Ash,  Blue. 

Ash,  Green. 

Ash,  Mountain. 

Ash.  Red. 

Ash,  Water  or  Swamp. 

Ash.  White. 

Aspeo. 

As^ic  \,  Lar|e-tooth(d. 

Balm  )fGUead. 

Bauwood,  Small-leaved. 
Beech. 

Buckeye,  Ohio  or  Fetid. 
Buckeye,  Sweet. 
Bunting  Bush. 
Bultcraut. 

ButtoBwood  or  Sycamore. 
Birch,  Bbck,  or  Sweet. 
Birch,  European. 
Krch,  Gny. . 
lircb.  Paper,  Canoe,  or 

White. 
Birch,  Red,  or  River. 
Birch,  YeUow. 


Dr.  aaa  «ut. 


0.  •. 


am.  B.  iUBwom. 


Cedar,  Red. 

Cedar,  White. 

Cherry,  Black. 

Cherry,  Cnoke. 

Cherry,  Red,  or  Bird  Cherry. 

Chestnut. 

CMtonwood. 

Cucumber  Tree. 

Dogwood,  Altematc-ieaved. 

Dogwood,  Floweiing. 

Elm,  Amciican,  or  Whiu. 

Eha,  Corky  White. 

Elm,  Red,  or  Slippery. 

Fir,  Balsam. 

FriiweTrce. 

Hacwerry,  or  Sugarberry. 

Haw,  Black. 

Haw,  Scarlet. 

Hemlock. 

Hickory,  Brown,  or  Pignut. 

Hickory,  or  Sbagbark. 

Hickorr,  Swamp,  or  Bitteraul 

Hickonr,  White-heart,  or 

Mockeraut. 
Holly,  American. 
Honbeam,  or  Water  Beech, 

or  Bhte  Beech. 
Honbeam,   Hop*  or   Iron- 


Ailanthus  glandulosus. 
Ilex  vcrticUlau. 
Thuja  occidentalis. 
Fraxinus  aambucifolia. 
Fraxinus  quadrangulata. 
Fraxinus  viridis. 

Pyrus  Americana. 
FnxiDUS  pubcscens. 
Fraxinus  platycarpa. 
Fraxinus  Americana. 
Populua  tremuloidcs. 
Populus  grandidenuu. 
Populus  balsamiferavar.  can- 

dicans. 
TIlia  pubcscens. 
Fagus  ferruginea. 
iCKulus  glabra. 
iCsculus  flava. 
Euonymus  Europanis. 
Julians  dnerea. 
Pbwnus  ocddcntalis. 
Belula  lenla. 
Belulaalba. 
Belula  popuUfolia. 
Belula  papyrifeia. 

Betula  nigra. 
Belula  lutea. 
Calalpa  bignoaioides. 
Junipens  Virginiana. 
Chamccyparia  spb«roidea. 
Prunus  acroUna. 
Piunus  Viifiniaaa. 
Prunus  Pennaylvaniea. 
Castaoea  aativa  var.  Ameri- 


Hofse  Chestnut. 
Ilex,  Mountain. 
Kentucky  Coffee  Tree. 


Popuha  monilifera. 
Magnoibi  acuminata. 
Comus  altinlfolia. 
Comas  fforfala. 
Ulmus  Amcricaaa. 
Uhnus  racemoaa. 
Utmos  fiilvB. 
AUes  babamca. 
ChkMianthua  Virgtnica. 
Celtis  ooddentalb. 
Viburnum  pruniMhua. 
Ctaiagus  ooccineavar.molUs. 
Tsaga  Canadensis. 
Carya  pordna. 
Caiyaalba. 
Carya  amara. 
Cai^a  lomcntosa. 

Ilexopaca. 
Carpinus  Caroliniana. 

Ostrya  Virginica. 

jCacnlua  Hippocaataaum. 
Ilex  montlcoia. 
Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 


Fraxinus  nigra. 

Fraxinus  Pennsylvanica  var. 
Unceolata. 

Fraxinus  Pennsylvanica. 
Fraxinus  Caroliniana. 


Fagus  Americana. 
iEsculus  octaodra. 


Catalpa  catalpa. 
Cupressas  thyoides. 

Caatanea  dentata. 
Populua  delioidea. 


Hicwia  glabra. 
Hlooiia  ovata. 
Hiooria  minima. 
Hicorfaalba. 


Ostiya  Virglnlaa' 


GymnodaduB  dioicus. 


Fraxinus  nigra. 

Fraxinus  lanceolala. 

Pyrus  americana. 
Fraxinus  pennsylvanica. 
Fraxinus  caroliniana. 
Fraxinus  americana. 


Fagus  atropunicca. 

iCsculus  octandra. 
Euonymus  europanis. 


1 


i 


Catalpa  caulpa. 
Junlperus  virginiana. 
Chamaecyparia  thyoides. 

Prunus  virginiana. 
Prunus  pennsylvanica. 
Caslanea  dentaia. 

Populus  dettoidea. 


Uhnus  americana. 
Ulmus  pubcscens. 
Chioaantbus  virginica. 


Tsuga  eaaadcasia. 
Hicoria  glabra. 
Hteoriaovata. 
Hicoria  minima. 
HkMiaalba. 


Carpittua  caraUnfaua. 
Qatrya  viigiaiaaa. 
iEsculua  hippocaataaum. 
Gymnocfaulus  dkiieus. 


'26) 


MM 


.i 


Dr.  AC*  OBAT. 


c.  a.  ■Aaonrr. 


i 


Larch.  Ameriain,  or   Hack- 

malack. 
Linden.  American,  or  B.im- 

wood. 
Uquidambar,  or  Sweet  Gum. 
Locuit. 

Locust,  Honey. 
Magnolia,  Small,  or  Sweet 

Bay. 
Maple,  Aih-Ieavtd,  or  Box 

Elder. 
Maple,  Black  Sufar. 
Maple,  Moantaln. 
Maple,  Norway. 
Maple,  Red,  or  Swamp. 
Maple,  Striped,  or  Ciooaefbot . 
Maple.  Sugar,  or  Kock. 
Maple,  White  or  Silver 
Mulberry.  Ked. 
Oak.  Basket,  or  Cnw. 
Oak.  Black. 

Oak.  Black  Jack. 

Oak,  Bur..or  Overciip- 

Oak,  Chestnut. 

Oak,  Laurel. 

Oak.  Pin. 

Oak,  Post,  or  Iron. 

Oak.  Red. 

Oak,  Scarlet. 

Oak,  Spanish. 

Oak.  Svamp  While. 

Oak,  Water. 

Oak.  White. 

Oak,  Wiltow. 

Oak.  Yeltow  Chestnut. 

Papaw,  or  CusUrd  Apple. 

Persimmon. 

Pine,  Gray,  or  Jack. 

Pine,  Jersey  Scrub. 

Pine,  Ublolly,  or  Old  Field. 

Pine,  Northern  Ktch. 

Pine,  Red,  or  Norwav. 

Pine,  Southern  Yellow,    or 

Geoigia,  or  Long-leaf. 
Pine,  Table  Mounuin. 
Pine,  While. 

Piac,  Y«lk>w,  Short-leaf  Pine. 
Plum,  Canada. 
Poplar,  Babun. 
Pophr,  Balsam  —  Varieties. 


Poplar,  White. 

Red  Bud,  or  Judas  Tree. 

Sassafras. 

Spruce  Black. 

SpnKe,Rcd. 

Sprace,  While  or  at 

Thorn,  White,  or   Scarlet- 

fhiittd. 
Tulip  Tree. 
Tupdo,  or  Sour  Gun. 
UmbrcUa  Ttce. 
VlboniaB.  Sweet,  or  Sheep- 


Walnut,  Black. 
Willow,  Black. 
WillMr,Cnck. 
Willow,  H«Mt-kn*ed. 
WIOmt,  LMTlaaMd. 
Willow,  Waqiiaf. 
WIDOW,  WMia.        „ 
Vettowwood,  or  VligiUa. 


Ijirix  Americana. 

Tllla  Americana. 

Uquidambar  styiadflua. 
Kobinia  Pseudacacia. 
Gleditschia  Uiacanthos. 
Magnolia  glauca. 

Negundo  aceroides. 

Acersaccliarinumvar.  nigrum 

Acer  spicatum. 

Acer  platanoides. 

Acer  mbrum. 

Acer  Pennsylvanicum. 

Acer  mccharinum. 

Acer  da^ycarpum. 

Morua  rubra. 

Qucrcus  Michauxii. 

Qiiercus  coccinea  var.  tinc- 

toria 
QuercuH  nigra. 
Quercus  macrocarpa. 

Quercut  prinus. 

Quercus  imbricaria. 

Quercus  palustris. 

Quercus  stcllau. 

Quercus  rubra. 

Quercus  coccinea. 

Quercus  lalcata. 

Quercus  bicolor. 

Quercus  aquatica. 

Quercus  altia. 

Quercus  Phellos. 

Quercus  Muhlenbeigii. 

Asimina  triloba. 
Ulospyros  Virginiana. 
Pinus  Banksiana. 
Pinuk  inopa. 
Pinus  Tada. 
Pinus  rigida. 
Pinus  rninoaa. 
Pinus  palustris. 


Pinns  pungena. 

Pinna  StiWMis. 

Pinus  mitis. 

Ptunus  Americana. 

Populua  balaamifera. 

Populus  balsamiieia  oar.  in- 
termedia. 

Popolus  iMlaamifera  var.  lati- 
Mbi. 

Populua  balaamliera  var.  vi- 
miiulis. 

Popuhia  alba. 

Cercia  Canadcnils. 

Sassafras  officinale. 

Pieea  nigra. 

Picea  nigra  vair.  rubra. 

Piceaalba. 
Crattegua  oocdaea. 

Uriodciidron  tulipiftia. 
Nyasa  aylvatlca. 
Magnolfat  Umbrclto. 
Vibunmm  Lentago. 

JnglaDS  nigra. 
Sua  nigra. 
Satis  flragiHs. 
Sattacardau. 
Salia  kmglfoUa. 
Sails  Babyloalea. 
Salix  alba  var.  ccrtitaa. 
Cladiasiis  tiactoiia. 


Larix  Uricina. 


Acer  negundii. 

Acer  barbatum  var.  nigrum. 


Acer  barbatum. 
Aceraaocharinum. 


Quercus  velulina. 
Quercus  MatUandica. 


Quercus  minor. 

Quercus  digHata. 
Quereua  platanoidca. 
QuercoB  nigra. 

Quercus  acuminata. 


Pinus  divaricau. 
PiAus  Virginiana. 


Pinus  echinau. 
l>runus  nigra. 


Populus  alba. 

Saasafraa  Sassafras. 
Picea  Mariana. 
Picea  rubens. 
Picea  Canadensis. 


MagaotU  IripetaU. 

SaUs  (kviatiUs. 
Cladraslia  hitea. 


an.  ■.  suDWOiriM. 
Larix  lanciiia. 
Tllia  americana. 


Robinia  pseudacacia. 
Glcdiuia  triacanthoa. 


Acer  negundo. 

Acer  sacchamm  nigrum. 


Acer  pennaylvanicum. 
Acer  sacchaium. 
Acer  saccharinom. 

Quercui  micbauxU. 
Qwercus  velutlna  (Yellow 

Oak). 
Quercus  marilandica. 


Qucrcus  minor. 


Quercus  digitate. 
Quercus  ptattnoides. 
Quercus  nigra. 

Quereua  phellos. 
Quercus  acumioate'^ChiBqua- 
pinOak). 

Diospyros  virginiana. 
Pinus  divaricate. 
Piaus  virgiaiaaa. 
Pinus  tcaa. 


Pinus  strobos. 
Pinus  echinate. 
Prunus  nigra. 


Populus  alba. 
Cercis  canadensis. 
Sasaafraa  sassafras. 

Picea  mariana. 
Picea  rabcBS. 
Picea  canadensii. 


Magnolia  iripettb. 
Viburnum  lentago. 


Salbi  fluvUlilia. 
SaUs  babjdooica. 

I  Cladraslia  httaa. 


(27) 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX 

or  THE  FOUR  SERIES  OF  WAVSIDE  TREE& 


AhtkTrat 

AUttMumi*  .  .  , 
Atrr  datymr^um  .  . 
Artr  mguMh  .  .  .  . 
Attr  fimmy/immfmm  . 
Atir  fUfmfUn  .  ■  ■ 
Aetr  rmiruM  .  .  .  . 
Attr  imitkmrinmm  .  . 
Attr  imctimrimmm  «*t. 


Ater  ifi€0lmm .    .    . 
.■Kum/mfMra    .    . 

/gmlia  Otfn^rm  . 
AilulM  or  AUuuIm 
Ail»ml*m  fUmJmltuu 
Aider.  BiMk  .  .  . 
AikorVte.  .  .  . 
A*.  MMk  .  .  . 
Aik,Bhw  .  .  .  . 
Ad^Gr«c•  .  .  . 
Adi.M<MiMila  .  . 
AA,R«d  .... 
AA,S«Mp  .  .  . 
Aak,WiMr  .  .  . 
A*,WMU.  .  .  . 
Ailmimm  mUm  .    . 


AipM,  L«l>-tooUicd 
BdaofCOnd     .    . 


Bttekr  Waltr 


BtUiU  fi^frifmt 


■Nk.  CM-hntd   Wkitt 


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III- 
IV- 
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III- 
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■bcii.yii 


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BwlnntOhio 
Bwkcyt,  S«cM 


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amtmUmlMt  .  .  . 
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amy,  RiMk  ....  I- 

dwrry.  r  hukc  |- 

I  riMtry.  Red    .    .  |- 

I  ChcMnat 11- 

I   CU«M»Mw  Virgimu*.    .    l\\. 

CI»JrtMilimi*ri»  .    .    .    III- 

Ctrmm  tUtrmt/tHm  .    .    .    III- 

I   Cnmm/hrUa     ....    |||- 

I  Cottonwouil II- 

Crmhtgut  ifittimtM  .  .  .  II- 
Craitgui  emimm,  vw.  m*tti  ll-i 
CiKirailKr  Trac     ....       I- 

CmhiI  Apiilt I- 

Di—ffnt  yirfimimi—  .  ,  I- 
Dogiraod,  AkcrMlt-lnrtd  III- 
Dogwood,  nmnrtag  .  .  III- 
Eln,  Amcrkui 
EIn,  Cwkjr  Wliite     ...       I- 

Ela,Red |. 

Elm,  SHpfMry I- 

EI«,Wliitt 
Emtmfmm  Eurtpim 
Fmpa  Amtrumnm 
Ffa  fkrrtgim* 
Fit,  Baku      .    . 
Fr»xmm  Amtritamt 
Fraxinai  flmffMrfm 
Franmm  fiAiutni  . 
Fr»tinm  ftMrAwyafa 
F^rmainm  fmkmi/M* 
Avn'uHt  ttruMt  .    . 
PHmiTiM      .    .    . 
CUdUuUa  M<MMlw 
Gjrmmt<Mm  Ctmiimli 
HacUMnr   .    . 


Hldurr 
Hidiorr, 
HiekoiT,  Swmp 
Hkkorr,  Wktt^kMrt 
HoBgr,  Amnioa 


liop 

Hcnt  OmMsmI 
Air  •wMKiailr 
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J^f/luu  iimirm 

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tsrlt  Amtriimim 


tl^aHtrnttv  ityrtijlm 


Umt,  Omij 


liijkM 


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II- 

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Miph,  Rock Ill-ll 

M>|4«,  SHnr Ill-i; 

Mipk,  SIriptd     ....  Ill-  9 

Mt|>l<.Su(U III-li 

Majilt,  S»Mip     ....  I1I-19 

M^k,  Wbiu III-17 

Mockcmw IV-  J 

AArw  ratrm I-il 

MibHiy,  R«d      ....  l-tl 

f/ipmdt  aartUn    .    .    .  IV-  7 

Xjraa  ijritmtiem     ....  I-  5 

Oik,  BMktl 11-19 

0*k,BlMk Il-ai 

Oik,  Ubck  Jack  ....  Il-tj 

Oak,  Bar 1I-17 

OakiOMMMl 11-19 

Oak,  Cow II-19 

OU,  Im 11-17 

Oak,Uanl     ....  II-13 

Odi,OTficap 11-17 

Oak,na 11-11 

Otk.rM 11-17 

Oak,  Rod II-II 

Oak.Scaclcl II->i 

Orii,S|iaakli II-ii 

Oak.  Soaiap  Wkiu  .    .    .  II-19 

Oak.Walcr II  tj 

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Oitijm  fiitimin     ...  II-  J 

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PU—mttrm IV-aj 

FUtmrwIr* IV-aj 

Plpal IV-  5 

nM,tiaaqh IV-IJ 

rkWiGar IV-19 

riMbJmqrSaak     .    .    .  lV-17 

ftaa,  LoUaUr IV-ij 

ftaa,  Nortkara  ndi      .    .  IV-17 

naa,Noraa)r IV-19 

Ffaw.0M4M IV-IJ 

riaa^Rad lVri9 

l1aa,8aalk«aVtnnr    .    .  IV-ij 

Haa,  TaUa  Moaatak    .    .  IV-17 

PkMfcWkha IV-ij 

FkM,Valaw IV-19 

A'aat  BmmUmma     .    .    .  IV-19 

Aaaii'ii^^ IV-17 

HmmmiM IV-19 

nmmflmUrU     ....  IV-lj 

Fiumftu^mi      ....  IV-17 

A'MM  Tutmmm      ....  IV-19 

KumrifUt IV-17 

Kmu  Smtm IV-ij 

Pimmtmlm       IV-IJ 

r$Utinu  aaidmltHi     .    .  II-IJ 

flaa^  Caaida l-i) 

hi|ilar,  Bakaai     ....  ll-ij 

rkiiika,Wkite      ....  ll-ii 

nfm/iuMt II-II 

fifmlmiMiMiufra  .  .  Il-ij 
iVft"  Mkaar^ftnt,  rar.  earn 

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nfmlm  maaM/tra   . 
Atr/aAu  rvxaMMn  . 
Frmmmi  Aauruama  . 
P*umm  nigra .    .    . 
Fnmm  FnniylmmUa 
Frtanu  urtHma  .     . 
Pnmm  Virgimaua. 
Pfrm  Aauritama 
Qmeriuialta  .    .    , 
Qrnnm  aptaHta 
Qmtrtm  Uultr    ,    . 
Qmirim  attima  .    . 
Qmrtm,m.  Hatltria 
Qmtrtm  JiiUala  .    . 
Qatrttu/Uiata    .    . 
Qmtrtm  IwUritaria . 
Qmtrtm  mtrnarfa 
Qmtrtm  MatUamtHta 
Qmtrtm  MitkamaU . 
Qmtrau  MmUtmttrgU 

Qmtrtm  migra 
Qmtrtm  fatmlrit 
Qmtrtm  ntUit  . 
Qmtrtm  frtrnm  . 
Qmtrtm  rmtra 
Qmtrtm  UtOala  . 
Qmtrtm  PtImHma 


JtiMmia /UmAatatia 

SaXm  aMa  «ar.  OtrmJm 
SaHM  BalflamUa 
SaUattrJkta  .  . 
SaUafi^tit  .  . 
SaUtbi^/tHa  . 
SalUmir*  .  . 
SaMffrai  ffktmalt 
Snti^m  mtt^tat 
ScaiklHaat    .    . 


Soar  Gas   .    . 
Sfracc,  Bluk  . 
Srraa^Cu 
Spract,  Rad 
Spraca,  Wkka. 


Sjrcaaion 


Thora.  ScHhl-kailad 
Tkora,iVUla.  . 
TUia  Amtrkamm 
TUtapmtnttm  . 
Tti^  ttUtmlaHt 
Timi»  CamaJtntit 
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•Ufiio  .... 
Vlaau  Amtritama 
U/mm/mha  .  . 
l/imm  ratimtm  . 
UariMdaTKc 
yihmrmmm  Ltmtagt 
tllmrmtm  frmmtfiUmF 
Vtbarnaa^  Swa*. 
Vhlilia  ... 
WOow.BUck  . 
WIUo»,  Crack  , 
WUkm.  HtaM-harad 
WOknr,  LM«4w*ad 
WtBoir,  Wat|«« .  . 
Wilhwr,  White     .    . 


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